We subscribe to a number of databases that you can use to analyze a given population. Data is available down to the local level for the US.
If you need to find:
Population Data: Use Simply Analytics (US), Proquest Statistical Abstract of the US, Proquest Statistical Abstracts of the World, and World Bank Open Data to get population totals, birth and death rates, statistics on marriage and divorce, and more.
Education Statistics: Use Simply Analytics (US), UNdata, and World Bank Open Data, to see levels of education for various demographics, as well as school enrollment by sex.
Employment, Income, and Poverty levels: Use American Factfinder, Simply Analytics (US), and World Bank Open Data to get information on employment rates and occupations, income, numbers of people on food stamps, and more.
Housing: Use American Factfinder (US), Simply Analytics (US), and Proquest Statistical Abstracts of the World to get numbers and types of housing units, occupied and unoccupied.
Health: Use Proquest Statistical Abstract of the US, Simply Analytics (US), UNdata, and World Bank Open Data, for information on insurance enrollment, rates of disease, spending on healthcare, child immunization, and more.
Population Distribution: Use Simply Analytics (US) and LandScan to create customized maps of population density.
Other useful links:
Government Information Research Guide
Statistical Data Services and Resources
Unesco Institute for Statistics